A growing child and baby has a large requirement for iron as their blood volume increases so dramatically as they grow. It can be challenging finding foods that a fussy young one will eat, let alone ones that are a good source of nutrition.

My children have been a wonderful learning experience when it comes to feeding toddlers and children. I have helped many patients over the years to overcome fussy eating, and through my work built up a lot of skills, but when it comes to doing it for yourself that’s a whole different ballgame. 

Many parents are concerned about their children getting the right balance of nutrients, and if they are a fussy eater, then with each mouthful that doesn’t get eaten or gets thrown on the floor/wall/parent, that lays on a whole new type of stress.

Fussy Eating

Behavioural vs. Physiological Causes

For some children, there are physiological and/or behavioural reasons why they are fussy about eating. Physiological reasons can include:

• Nutritional deficiencies affecting their sense of taste (namely zinc)
• Digestive disorders, especially if they experience discomfort during or after eating
• Anxiety
• Behaviour changes related to the autism spectrum
• Pyrolle disorder
• Swallowing difficulties

For the physiological reasons, correcting deficiencies, reducing inflammation and supporting the nervous system with herbs and nutritional supplements can allow the child to feel more comfortable and willing to try new foods. For some children it is behavioural, and for some children it is a combination. When addressing the behavioural causes, I have found that a lot of it comes down to how you as a parent prepare the food and your actions around meal times.

If you do have a fussy eater, it is natural to be a little worried about whether your child is getting enough nutrients. A common worry parents express to me is whether their child is getting enough iron. 

Signs of low iron

Considering most parents are going to be keen to get their child to have a blood test to find out for sure whether they are low in iron, it may be helpful to look for some signs of being low in this mineral.

• Does your child appear to be tired and sleepier than usual?
• Does your child get infections (colds) more than you think they should?
• Does your child appear to be slow in their growth?
• Does the inside of your childs cheeks and eyelids appear pale?
• Does your childs skin appear pale, or have visible dark circles under their eyes?
• Does your child have more temper tantrums than usual?
• Does your child have difficulty concentrating?

How much iron does a child need?

Toddlers (1-3 years old) need 9mg iron daily

Children (4-8 yrs) old need 10mg daily

In the next article I will share some iron rich recipes for toddlers. Below are some tips that I have found have helped me personally with meal times, as well as with my patients.

Tips for reducing fussy eating behaviours

• Make the main meal times a stress free occasion, but with limits. Sit down together to eat (if you’re not eating at the same time then just sit with them) and give them your attention, and while you can chat about the food, don’t try to force them to eat. If you are worried about your child’s weight then it can be very difficult not to try to force food into them, but I believe you need to respect your child’s awareness of whether they are full or not. Having said that, I don’t think meal times should be a game. As a younger child, If Ash was to start to throw the food or play with the food, I would say something like ‘does that mean you’re all done?’ and if he continues to play/throw (I do try to stop his from actually throwing the food before it happens) the food I will then say ‘okay, you’re telling me you’re all done. Let’s clean your hands and you can hop down’. Since early days I have tried to teach Ash to sign ‘all done’ by waving my hands, but it was only after putting it in the context of this that he has started signing it back to me (Lara picked up on signing much more quickly). After a couple of times of doing this, Ash would then tell me if he was done by signing, or if he starts to look like he is losing interest and playing around I say ‘are you all done’  and he will tell me yes he is all done (by signing) or will keep eating.
• Both adults and children can often find new flavours and textures difficult to like. However research has shown that repeated exposure to a food, often in different  preparations is required to really be sure if a child doesn’t like the food. I recommend offering a new food to your child at least 10 different times (some of the research said 15 times was needed) before giving up on it.
• Make the food taste good. Overly boiled vegetables are something very few people enjoy so it’s not surprising children won’t enjoy this either. I try to cook Lara and Ash’s food to how I would like it, and have noticed that he eats the best when it is the same thing that I am also eating. Personally I chose to introduce solids to my kids using the Baby Led Weaning technique which advocates letting them eat the same things that you are eating, and at the same time so that you can model eating behaviours. From this I have slowly moved to giving them their own bowl, and it is usually a slightly modified version of my own food – less salt and no chilli.
• Make the food interesting. I found a crinkle cutter was an excellent addition to my kitchen as it made sliced cucumber, carrot and sweet potato much more appealing. For older kids, presenting the food arranged in the shape of a face or the like could be another version of this theme.
• For older children, having the discussion about how that food will make them feel better e.g. happier stomach, more energy for their sport, better concentration at school; is something not to be dismissed.
• Get older children to pick a vegetable from the grocery shop that they would like to try and help them involved in cooking.
• If you have the space try growing some veggies yourself and get your kids involved in the process. If they pick the veggies and eat it before they get cooked, that’s still a win. 
• An “Eat A Rainbow” chart where children can tick off their coloured vegetables can be another incentive for older kids to eat a broad range of vegetables.

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No matter the age of your children finding productive and budget-friendly things to do can be quite challenging. While it can be tempting to throw the kids in front of the TV, it’s not good for their health to do that too much. The blue light from screens can disrupt children’s hormones, especially melatonin which is important for sleep. Screen time can also make kids trend towards inactivity, and may impact on development and overall health.

The current recommendations for screen time for kids are:

• children under 18 months should avoid screen time, other than video-chatting
• children aged 18 months to 2 years can watch or use high-quality programs or apps if adults watch or play with them to help them understand what they’re seeing
• children aged 2-5 years should have no more than one hour a day of screen time with adults watching or playing with them
• children aged 6 years and older should have consistent limits on the time they spend on electronic media and the types of media they use.

If you’re interested in learning more about this, you can read the policy here: Early Childhood Australia Digital Policy

Brittnay from the Nut Butter Hub has returned to the blog to share some great ideas on how to keep the kids busy without a screen, or lots of money.

This post contains some affiliate links. This means if you click the link and purchase the product contained within the link I make a small commission from this. This helps with the cost of maintaining this website. You don’t have to pay any extra for this.

Ideas for Entertaining the Kids

Below are 8 ways (that won’t cost a fortune) which you can use on any day of the week to ensure your kids (or you) don’t go stir crazy. 

A Day of Volunteering

An awesome way to give kids some perspective on how others live is to have them give back in some capacity. It teaches kids to have empathy and care for others around them as well as to have gratitude for what they have in life.

There are many ways to give back that kids may be able to participate in. Some great places to start volunteering are your local soup kitchen, animal shelters, or spending the day cleaning up trash at your local park.

Indoor Camp Out

What kid doesn’t love to pretend play and make their dreams come true? What they would love even more is actually bringing their imagination to life. Bringing the camping inside is just the fun they may be looking for.

For this activity you will need a tent, a real one will do or one made from sheets is good too. Pretend to light a fire and eat freeze-dried foods. You could also make indoor s’mores very easily at your stove or in your microwave. Be sure to get the sleeping bags and ghost stories ready for a fun night under the ‘stars’.

In Need of A Furry Friend?

If you can’t commit to an animal year round you can try pet sitting over the holidays. This can also help you decide whether you and the family are ready to get your own yet. It could be just a phase and you end up doing all the work. They are a few places you can look for pets to care for try Guide Dogs Australia or if you’re not keen on getting a puppy you can look at house sitting sites which also offer animal care.

Make Your Own T-Shirts

Let’s be real, kids will practically draw all over the house if you let them. Foster their creativity skills and design your own t-shirts. It doesn’t take much to get this done and can be made on new or old shirts.

Use any type of art medium your child likes such as crayons, markers, or even let them paint on their shirt. Make sure to hand wash and dry your shirts so that your kids can cherish their creations for years to come.

Otherwise you can use fabric paint to paint your own shirts. After you’ve let them dry just iron them to set the paint and they can be machine washed.

Indoor Obstacle course

Sometimes it’s just simply too cold or rainy to get out of the house. Bad weather or not, kids need to be able to have the space to release all of the energy they have.  Creating an obstacle course in your home is fun for everyone.

Try making a string laser course like you see in the movies for your kids. All you really will need is lots of string to create the course and then your kids can collect the objects you already have at home and put them in baskets at either end of the course.

Have A BBQ With Friends

Throwing a get together can be team effort one that children would love to be able to participate in. Tell your kids to think of a few family friends who have kids that they would like to invite over for a BBQ.

Let your kids decide on a few items to eat, let them come grocery shopping with you, or pick out décor/activities so that they are involved in the process.

Once the day actually arrives the kids will be so focused on hanging out and playing with the other kids that it will free up time for the parent to enjoy the day as well. Having kids near a BBQ can be dangerous so ensure you gas grill safety!  Having a BBQ will be a win-win situation for both the parent and the kids.

Give Them Lots of Colouring Room

Kids of all ages enjoy colouring but depending on the age the activity can go pretty quickly before they are bored again. A way to switch up just plain old colouring is to buy a big roll of plain white wrapping or banner paper. Use the wrapping paper and spread it out anywhere like the floor or across a table. This can be really cool for kids because they can just keep pulling the paper whenever they need more space to draw.

Get Crafty

There is nothing like a bit of DIY that gets kids excited! Learning how to make their own things will also give them a better appreciation for their belonging as well as the costs of things. Make sure you pick something that is useful but also achievable for a few age groups. You could try making animal masks or maybe a learn how to make a pencil case for the coming school term!

Sensory Bins

Young toddlers to school ages children love to play with sensory bins. Sensory bins can be fairly messy so be sure to work on a sheet or outdoors where it is okay for you and the kids to get a little dirty. Make shimmer snow made from baking soda and glitter. Try a coloured rice bin with just plain rice and food colour. If you want to avoid the mess altogether fill a bin with cotton balls and simply add kitchen utensils and measuring cups and the kids will have a blast.

With a little of creativity and planning it easy to keep the kids busy! Once you have built up a repertoire of activities you will have then away from the TV and enjoying themselves all holidays!

Brittnay is an Australian who lived in London for the past two years.  She managed to squeeze in 21 trips to Europe & Africa in that time. She is passionate about her health and her family, and you will find her healthy and delicious recipes on The Nut Butter Hub.

The post 8 Ways to Keep the Kids Entertained Without Spending A Fortune appeared first on Alison Mitchell Naturopath.

Does your child need more zinc?

In my clinic, one of the minerals that I see a lot of kids needing more of is zinc. This mineral has a big role to play in keeping a little body healthy, however not every child is getting enough. While severe deficiency is rare, it’s thought that mild-moderate deficiency is common, one third of our population have inadequate levels.

According to WHO, zinc deficiency is responsible for approximately 16% of lower respiratory tract infections, 18% of malaria and 10% of diarrhoeal disease worldwide.

If our levels of certain minerals are not ideal this can be a factor in many health issues. For zinc, this is an important one, especially in children.

Here is a common scenario that I see in clinic:

Little Johnny, 5 years old is brought in to see me by his concerned Mummy and Daddy. From taking his case history I find that Johnny has been getting sick almost every month, he refuses to eat anything other than chicken, chips, rice and lollies and generally has a low appetite. His skin is red and irritated, his nails are peeling, he is hot headed and has difficulty focusing (less than one would expect for a 5 year old, anyway).

Have you guessed what I think Johnny needs more of? Zinc!

Zinc has a lot of functions in the body, and many of Johnny’s complaints can be attributed to these.

• It is important for taste perception. Low levels of zinc cause fussy eating, dislike of foods which aren’t strongly sweet or salty, and causes a low appetite overall.
• Alongside Vitamin B6, zinc aids in hydrochloric acid production in the stomach which helps with digesting protein and carbohydrates. Low zinc can contribute to low appetite.
• It is important for healthy stress response. Low zinc = more reactive to stress and emotional triggers.
• Zinc has an anti-inflammatory action.
• Zinc is important for wound healing, for collagen production in the skin, and for healthy skin, nails and hair. Eczema, peeling nails, poor wound healing and other skin issues can all be due to insufficient zinc.
• It is important for the immune system.
• Low levels of iron and zinc have been associated with memory deficits in children.

In addition to these Zinc is also involved in balancing blood sugar levels, it influences behaviour and learning, prevents oxidative stress and helps with development of reproductive system.

Photo by Vitaly Gariev on Unsplash

Why are kids so low in zinc?

One possibility is because the foods that we introduce to infants are low in zinc and can also cause the stores of zinc to be depleted. One study proposed that the high intake of cereals as first foods may contribute to the prevalence of iron and zinc deficiency, possibly due to the binding effect that processed grains can have on minerals, something that young children are more susceptible to.

Poor gut health can affect the absorption of minerals and if there are digestive issues, this may play a part.

The other issue is that the standard Australian diet is not abundant in minerals generally, and we know that 1/3 of the population is low in zinc. We cannot store this mineral and so need to eat it regularly, so when both adults and children are not eating enough zinc rich foods, it makes sense that we are seeing deficiencies.

See also: Pyrolle Disorder

How much zinc do we need?

The RDA (recommended daily allowance) for zinc in 1-8 year olds is 3-4mg/day.

Having a few foods rich in zinc throughout the day can help to keep levels up. For kids with a deficiency or those with Pyrolle disorder, consider supplementation. If you think your child would benefit from supplementation, book a consultation with a naturopath or nutritionist to get advise on the best forms of zinc, dosage, and to assess reasons why your child might be low.

Foods rich in zinc

• Oysters
• Ginger
• Beef, lamb, poultry, pork, liver
• Egg yolks
• Milk products
• Fish and seafood
• Whole grains, wheat germ
• Lentils, Chickpeas and Beans
• Nuts
• Pumpkin seeds
• Peas, carrots, beets, cabbage

Click here for a Kid friendly Zinc Rich Recipe.

This article first appeared on Western Sydney Mum’s Hub

The post Fussy eating? Fuzzy head? Think zinc. appeared first on Alison Mitchell Naturopath.

If you struggle to get your children to eat their daily 5 serves of veggies, sometimes it can help to sneak some veggies into their meals. Why not try this recipe: Meatballs that are packed full of veggies.

A hit with kids, and adults like them too.

When it comes to serving vegetables up to toddlers, I like the approach of “hide some, show some”. This way, there is a good chance at least some vegetables will be consumed, but at the same time normalises vegetables by displaying them next to the other favourite foods. I don’t make a big song and dance about vegetables, and I also try to make sure they taste good i.e. aren’t overcooked and are well seasoned. By treating vegetables like any other food, it has helped to reduce the likelihood that Ash will realise I am emotionally invested in his eating veggies, and therefore use that against me (as toddlers are known to do). So far this has been working for me and Ash doesn’t have an aversion to vegetables. There’s a part of me that still wants to make sure I’m getting as much in as possible and I feel that I need to sneak them in to achieve this.

One of the ways I like to hide some veggies is in this variation of meatballs. It makes them a lot softer than conventional meatballs, which I think is good for young children as they can be easily broken into toddler sized mouthfuls. I then serve it in a tomato based sauce alongside some pasta, and you can add in some visible veggies such as broccoli, peas, mushroom or slices of zucchini.

If your child is exceptionally adverse to the sight of vegetables you might want to puree the vegies before mixing it in, peel the zucchini and omit the spinach.

Hidden-Veg Meatballs

Makes 3 meals worth

Ingredients

• 250g beef mince
• 1 medium carrot
• 1 medium zucchini
• 1 handful sized chunk pumpkin
• 2 handfuls baby spinach, very finely chopped
• 1 tsp dried oregano
• 1/2 tsp onion powder
• 1 tsp turmeric powder
• 4 tbsp flour
• 2 eggs
• 1 tsp salt

Method

1. Grate the carrot, pumpkin and zucchini into a bowl.
2. Add the mince, spices, flour, eggs and salt.
3. Using gloved hands, squish the ingredients altogether until it is really well combined.
4. Heat a frying pan over medium-high heat.
5. Add a splash of olive oil, then cook the meatballs in batches. Because they are quite soft you won’t be able to make perfectly shaped meatballs. I find it’s easier to use my hands to get a rough golf ball shape and then put it straight into the pan. Once one side of it is browned, turn it over using a wooden spoon or tongs, until all surfaces are browned and it is cooked through (approx 4 minutes).
6. Place the cooked meatballs onto paper towel to drain the excess oil whilst you cook the remaining batches.

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I’m going a bit out of my ordinary style of posts here, and sharing some kid related content – rest assured, these type of posts will be only occasional. Ash is now 20 months (18 months when this photo was taken) and my efforts at coming up with fun things to do are often directed by my desire to keep harsh chemicals to a minimum, mostly because he likes to put things in his mouth.

One of these adventures involved my making a batch of edible finger paint, which got smeared around a roll of butchers paper (as well as his face and the table), tada, Art. Thank goodness it was easy to wash off and it didn’t bother me that some of it was ingested. This recipe is made from items you can find in your pantry, and is quick  (and kind of fun!) to make. Even though it’s ‘edible’ it’s not actually a food, so I would try to discourage kiddo from eating it, but not being concerned if he gets it in his mouth or does actually swallow some.

I’ve shared my recipe below. Let me know how you go, or even better share your piccies!

Ingredients

4 tablespoons of corn flour

a splash of cold water

1 1/2 cup of boiling water

Liquid food colouring

Method:

1. In a medium saucepan, mix the cornflour with enough cold water to make a paste.
2. Pour in 1 cup of boiling water and stir thoroughly so there are no lumps.
3. Turn the stove on to medium heat, and keep stirring. Soon you will see the colour start to change, and some sections may become thicker. Turn the heat off but keep stirring, and eventually it thicken.
4. You may want to add some more water if it is too thick, up to an extra 1/2 cup. Keep stirring well while you do this.
5. Spoon equal amounts into empty containers and add food colouring. I chose shades of blue and green (because the red was missing!) Aqua is 2 drops of green, 4 of blue. Lime Green is 3 yellow, 1 green. I did a straight blue, green and yellow (however the yellow wasn’t that visible on the paper). Mix until completely combined.
6. You can keep it in the fridge for about 2 weeks, covered with a lid or gladwrap. I suggest using it up sooner if your kiddie has a tendency to put it in their mouth.

Tips:

If the mixture has harden from being in the fridge, adding a little bit of boiling hot water or sitting in a warm spot will soften it again.

Use a few layers of paper on top of the table or put some plastic in between, as the paint will soften the paper and it may tear, particularly if bub is rough.

Have some wipes or a wet cloth handy so they don’t then take off and smear hands everywhere (speaking from experience here).

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Omega-3 solution to children’s sleep problems

Sleep problems and deficiencies of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in children are both associated with poor health, behavioural and cognitive problems.   A study by the University of Oxford suggests that increasing your child’s intake of algal DHA may improve their sleep.

In a 16-week study of 362 primary school children who also had reading problems, 40% of the children experienced sleep problems including anxiety about sleep, bedtime resistance and frequent episodes of waking during sleep. Given 600mg omega-3 daily, 43 children were monitored in sleep.

The study found that children who took omega-3 had almost an hour more sleep and suffered from fewer waking episodes per night than the children who took placebo.  Additional benefits of quality sleep for school-aged children include improved language skills, and reduced academic and behavioural problems.

Montgomery P, Burton JR, Sewell RP, et al. Fatty acids and sleep in UK children: subjective and pilot objective sleep results from the DOLAB study – a randomised controlled trial. J Sleep Res 2014 Mar 8. [Epub ahead of print]

Folinic acid and B12 for autism

Emerging evidence suggests some children with autism may experience abnormal redox and methylation metabolism. Currently it is suggested that redox imbalance and oxidative stress may contribute to the pathophysiology of autism.

American researchers have found that supplementing autistic children, who have abnormal glutathione and methylation metabolism, with vitamin B12 and folinic acid results in an improvement in behaviour and glutathione redox status.

After three months of treatment, behaviour was significantly improved with an average increase in skills of 7.7 months. The researchers found that the greater the glutathione redox status, the greater the improvement in behaviour including expressive communication, daily living skills, and coping social skills.

 Frye RE, Melnyk S, Fuchs G, et al. Effectiveness of methylcobalamin and folinic acid treatment on adaptive behavior in children with autistic disorder is related to glutathione redox status. Autism Res Treat 2013;2013:609705.

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Give you child the best start in life

Helping Children Reach Their Full Potential

All parents want the best for their children, and this includes helping them to develop and grow both physically and mentally. With 1 in 16 school-aged children now being diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 1 in 91 being diagnosed with autism, we must begin asking “Is there something more that we can do?”

Even without a diagnosis, many children struggle with various aspects of cognitive function and learning, including memory, judgement, problem solving, and language development. Poor learning or behaviour needn’t be an inevitable part of life. With some simple strategies, you can help your children achieve their full potential.

Keeping Your Kids Focused and Alert

A child’s education forms the foundation from which they learn about the world around them and develop social and behavioural skills.  A poor start in life can have lifelong effects on learning and social development. Given the impact that education can have on shaping our children’s future, it is important we give them the best possible start in life.

For some kids, getting the brain to quieten down and switch off from distractions can be a huge challenge, both in the classroom and at home. This can contribute to poor concentration, decreased focus, and learning difficulties. The good news is that there are certain nutrients and herbs that work together to improve concentration and
cognitive function, reduce background ‘noise’ or distractions and stop our children from being left behind at school.

Good Fats for a Great Brain

Supporting your child’s brain health can be as simple as starting with omega-3 essential fatty acids, such as those found in fish.  Unfortunately, many children are not eating enough oily fish such as salmon, tuna, and sardines, and are deficient in these healthy fats which are crucial for brain development. Deficiencies in EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), the active components in fish oil, have been associated with behavioural symptoms in children. DHA in particular comes under the spotlight, as higher doses of DHA have been found to significantly improve attention and cognition in children. Supplementing with highly purified and concentrated fish oils containing therapeutic levels of EPA and DHA is therefore vital to support the developing brain.

Build a Healthy Brain

Phospholipds are another type of healthy fat that plays a key role not only in nervous system function, but also lays a sound structural foundation for growing brains. Phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine, are building blocks in the structure of every cell membrane in the body, including those in the brain and the nervous system. As a result, these lipids are important for brain and nervous system health, as well as supporting memory, learning and behaviour. In fact, phosphatidylserine supplementation has been shown to yield positive results in reducing symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity in children with ADHD.

Boosting Brain Power – It’s all in the Herbs!

Herbs, such as green tea (Camellia sinensis) and brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), have proven clinically effective in improving children’s cognitive function. Green tea contains a rare amino acid known as L-theanine. At therapeutic doses, L-theanine made children more calm but alert, with an increased attention span and improved
memory – all important for maximising learning potential. Brahmi is another herb that is particularly beneficial for supporting mental performance and nervous system function. Studies have found that when used for a period of 12 weeks, Brahmi significantly enhanced memory and information processing, and reduced anxiety.

Nourish Those Nerves

Along with essential lipids and herbs, a number of nutrients are also valuable in supporting cognitive function in children. Iodine and Vitamin D are essential nutrients for healthy brain development and function which are commonly deficient in children in Australia and New Zealand. Healthy brain and nerve signalling is also supported with nutrients such as activated vitamin B6, zinc and magnesium.
The best way to ensure your children are getting the nutrients they need is to provide fresh, healthy food including fruit and vegetables, and quality protein at every meal. Healthy kids also need plenty of play and physical activity, and adequate rest and sleep.

Watch Your Child Thrive

Impaired cognitive function and behavioural development can greatly interfere with a child’s ability to learn about the world around them and function fully. Call or email me today if your child struggles with concentration and lacks the focus required for optimal learning, or exhibits signs of hyperactivity or other behavioural issues. By encouraging a healthy diet and lifestyle, and providing the essential nutrients required for healthy brain development and function, you can truly give your child the best possible start in life.

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