A growing child and baby has a large requirement for iron as their blood volume increases so dramatically as they grow. It can be challenging finding foods that a fussy young one will eat, let alone ones that are a good source of nutrition.

My children have been a wonderful learning experience when it comes to feeding toddlers and children. I have helped many patients over the years to overcome fussy eating, and through my work built up a lot of skills, but when it comes to doing it for yourself that’s a whole different ballgame. 

Many parents are concerned about their children getting the right balance of nutrients, and if they are a fussy eater, then with each mouthful that doesn’t get eaten or gets thrown on the floor/wall/parent, that lays on a whole new type of stress.

Fussy Eating

Behavioural vs. Physiological Causes

For some children, there are physiological and/or behavioural reasons why they are fussy about eating. Physiological reasons can include:

• Nutritional deficiencies affecting their sense of taste (namely zinc)
• Digestive disorders, especially if they experience discomfort during or after eating
• Anxiety
• Behaviour changes related to the autism spectrum
• Pyrolle disorder
• Swallowing difficulties

For the physiological reasons, correcting deficiencies, reducing inflammation and supporting the nervous system with herbs and nutritional supplements can allow the child to feel more comfortable and willing to try new foods. For some children it is behavioural, and for some children it is a combination. When addressing the behavioural causes, I have found that a lot of it comes down to how you as a parent prepare the food and your actions around meal times.

If you do have a fussy eater, it is natural to be a little worried about whether your child is getting enough nutrients. A common worry parents express to me is whether their child is getting enough iron. 

Signs of low iron

Considering most parents are going to be keen to get their child to have a blood test to find out for sure whether they are low in iron, it may be helpful to look for some signs of being low in this mineral.

• Does your child appear to be tired and sleepier than usual?
• Does your child get infections (colds) more than you think they should?
• Does your child appear to be slow in their growth?
• Does the inside of your childs cheeks and eyelids appear pale?
• Does your childs skin appear pale, or have visible dark circles under their eyes?
• Does your child have more temper tantrums than usual?
• Does your child have difficulty concentrating?

How much iron does a child need?

Toddlers (1-3 years old) need 9mg iron daily

Children (4-8 yrs) old need 10mg daily

In the next article I will share some iron rich recipes for toddlers. Below are some tips that I have found have helped me personally with meal times, as well as with my patients.

Tips for reducing fussy eating behaviours

• Make the main meal times a stress free occasion, but with limits. Sit down together to eat (if you’re not eating at the same time then just sit with them) and give them your attention, and while you can chat about the food, don’t try to force them to eat. If you are worried about your child’s weight then it can be very difficult not to try to force food into them, but I believe you need to respect your child’s awareness of whether they are full or not. Having said that, I don’t think meal times should be a game. As a younger child, If Ash was to start to throw the food or play with the food, I would say something like ‘does that mean you’re all done?’ and if he continues to play/throw (I do try to stop his from actually throwing the food before it happens) the food I will then say ‘okay, you’re telling me you’re all done. Let’s clean your hands and you can hop down’. Since early days I have tried to teach Ash to sign ‘all done’ by waving my hands, but it was only after putting it in the context of this that he has started signing it back to me (Lara picked up on signing much more quickly). After a couple of times of doing this, Ash would then tell me if he was done by signing, or if he starts to look like he is losing interest and playing around I say ‘are you all done’  and he will tell me yes he is all done (by signing) or will keep eating.
• Both adults and children can often find new flavours and textures difficult to like. However research has shown that repeated exposure to a food, often in different  preparations is required to really be sure if a child doesn’t like the food. I recommend offering a new food to your child at least 10 different times (some of the research said 15 times was needed) before giving up on it.
• Make the food taste good. Overly boiled vegetables are something very few people enjoy so it’s not surprising children won’t enjoy this either. I try to cook Lara and Ash’s food to how I would like it, and have noticed that he eats the best when it is the same thing that I am also eating. Personally I chose to introduce solids to my kids using the Baby Led Weaning technique which advocates letting them eat the same things that you are eating, and at the same time so that you can model eating behaviours. From this I have slowly moved to giving them their own bowl, and it is usually a slightly modified version of my own food – less salt and no chilli.
• Make the food interesting. I found a crinkle cutter was an excellent addition to my kitchen as it made sliced cucumber, carrot and sweet potato much more appealing. For older kids, presenting the food arranged in the shape of a face or the like could be another version of this theme.
• For older children, having the discussion about how that food will make them feel better e.g. happier stomach, more energy for their sport, better concentration at school; is something not to be dismissed.
• Get older children to pick a vegetable from the grocery shop that they would like to try and help them involved in cooking.
• If you have the space try growing some veggies yourself and get your kids involved in the process. If they pick the veggies and eat it before they get cooked, that’s still a win. 
• An “Eat A Rainbow” chart where children can tick off their coloured vegetables can be another incentive for older kids to eat a broad range of vegetables.

The post Fussy Eating and Low Iron in Children appeared first on Alison Mitchell Naturopath.

When I was a kid I gave my mother grief in the mornings: I never got out of bed on time and was a fussy breakfast eater.  Remembering those mornings I understand the stress that parents go through, trying to give their children a nutritious breakfast and healthy packed lunch to send them off to school with.  Hectic lifestyles will usually result in parents reaching for the quickest food options available, and this usually comes from a packet.  Which food is picked is usually the product that appears to be the healthiest option, makes the best health claims and which one tastes the best.  Unless you’ve studied nutrition it can be very difficult (and time consuming) to stand in the aisles analysing each product, and then you’ve got to make the final decision – will my child eat this?  So we place our trust in the companies.  Surely they know what they’re doing, right?  Surely they just want to do what’s right?

Food companies know that parents want to do the best for their child, and will market their products based around a ‘health perk’, often hoping that this will distract the consumers from the other nasties in the food, or the lack of other important nutrients such as fibre, vitamins and minerals.  Some of the foods most susceptible to this are breakfast cereals, formulas, and snack foods.  Products that are “rich in calcium/iron/protein for healthy bones/energy/muscles” can sometimes be rich in sugar, low in fibre and/or high in preservatives.  This does not balance out, creating a health food.

Artificial colours and preservatives

Over the last 50 years we developed the ability to travel further and faster. Our diets have changed dramatically, incorporating a bigger variety of foods which are now usually available year round.  More recently, over the last 15 years foods have changed even further with the use of additives to make our foods more colourful, tasty and less perishable.  Some of these additives have been well tested and shown to be safe, while others have been linked to many health problems such as hyperactivity, asthma and skin problems.  The most common problematic ones are artificial colours, such as Brilliant Blue 133, Tartrazine 102, Sunset Yellow 110, Amaranth 123 or Fast Green 143.  Additives like these are derived from petroleum and are not considered safe in other countries such as USA, UK and Norway.

One of the reasons additives are still used in Australia is because it cuts down the costs of making food: for example to reduce the cocoa in chocolate milk while keeping the brown colour they add a little bit of cocoa plus Brilliant Blue 133 and Brown HT 155; to give the appearance of fruit in some yoghurts they add a variety of red, yellow and blue colours.

In many cases the colour is added to make food look more real as manufacturers skimp on quality raw ingredients to save a few dollars, or the colour is added specifically to increase the products’ marketing appeal to young children in particular.

In other countries they use different, safer colouring options based on real foods, and while these are available in Australia they are rarely used because it is the more expensive option.

Added Sugar

When you look at the labels of some foods (not just children’s foods) you may be surprised to see that there is a lot of sugar added into savoury as well as sweet foods.  Some common savoury foods containing added sugar include sauces, salad dressings and muesli bars.

So if 1 tsp of sugar = 4g, you can determine how many teaspoons of sugar are in a meal by dividing the amount of sugar in 100g or a serving by 4.  There can be up to 4 teaspoons of sugar in some yoghurts, 2½ in a tin of baked beans and up to 6½ in a small bar of milk chocolate.

Look at the labels on foods, and check for added sugars.  Sugar comes under the guise of many names: fructose, sucrose, dextrose, maltose, glucose syrup, lactose, corn syrup, hydrolysed starch, inverted sugar, or concentrated fruit juice.  The nutrition panel details how much total sugar is contained in a food, but this can include added and natural sugars.

When children consume sugar-rich foods they get an artificial high, rapidly raising the levels of sugar and adrenaline in their bloodstream. This can contribute to hyperactivity, anxiety, and difficulties concentrating.

This rapid rise in blood sugar levels stimulates the release of too much insulin, which causes children’s blood sugar levels to plummet, resulting in irritable and cranky kids.  Regular consumption of these foods can lead to children becoming overweight or obese, which is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes.  It also increases their risk of developing cardiovascular disease later in life.

Large amounts of sugar in the diet can also interfere with the absorption of calcium and zinc, important minerals for children’s health and development.

6 teaspoons of sugar a day can suppress the effectiveness of your immune system by up to 25%.  Sugar competes with vitamin C uptake into immune cells.  I often recommend to parents whose children have a cold or ‘flu to cut out sugar while they are ill so as to allow the immune system to reach its full potential.  If your child constantly has an infection, perhaps you should consider reducing or eliminating sugar from the diet.

Frequent consumption of sugary foods and beverages is one of the leading causes of tooth decay in children.

But they’re fun!

Many parents fondly look at lollies and junk food with nostalgia and think that if they don’t give their children these foods they are missing out on a vital experience of childhood.

Now that you know the facts about some of these additives, you may look at your child’s lunchbox or the next birthday party spread through new eyes. Ask yourself if you really want your family to be eating these chemicals in our foods which are not even allowed in foods in other countries. Think about the long term health effects of these chemicals and added sugar and whether or not you want your family to eat real foods or so called “fun” foods filled with additives.

Helpful ways to reduce your child’s additive and sugar intake

• Get creative and make healthy versions of your kid’s favourite sweet foods. Fruits such as berries and bananas are an ideal way to sweeten cakes, muffins, sauces and smoothies.
• Many yoghurts aimed at children contain too much sugar, additives and preservatives.  Make your own by getting a natural full-fat yoghurt and add your own fruits, such as a dollop of fruit puree, or from 9 months on chopped dried fruit (choose unsulphured).
• Instead of giving your child sweet snacks that are high in added sugar and low in nutrients, offer them healthier naturally sweet foods, such as fruit, small amounts of sun-dried fruit and fruit yoghurts.
• Choose whole oats, natural mueslis, puffed cereals (rice, millet, buckwheat) and other wholegrains for breakfast instead of sugary breakfast cereals.
• Watch out for so called health bars and breakfast bars in your supermarket — often marketed as healthy snacks or ‘breakfast on the run’.  You are best-off making your own muesli bars and biscuits for your kids to take to school and for after-school snacks.
• Avoid giving soft drinks to your kids.  Instead mix a little 100% fruit juice with some natural mineral water.
• Avoid using cordials as they are a concentrated form of sugar. Use 100% fruit juice as cordial, diluted with water.
• Keep lollies and chocolates for special occasions such as birthday parties, and try to go for those free from additives and synthetic colours.
• Make it extra special by getting the kids involved in making the sweets at home – they’ll have fun making them with you, and will appreciate the treats all the more because they’ve helped make them.

Resources:

Additive Alert

Chemical Maze

Lunch Matters

Laptop Lunches

Lucy Burney Children’s Diets

Mindd Foundation – Practitioner database of those specialising in paediatric disorders such as ADHD, Asthma, allergies, autism, chronic illness, depression, learning and language delay, and digestive and behavioural disorders.

Children’s Cookbooks:

The post Children’s Health: Food Additives appeared first on Alison Mitchell Naturopath.

I recently read a fantastic book called “French Children Don’t Throw Food” by Pamela Druckerman, which I highly recommend if you have small kids or are planning to have kids. It details the life of Druckerman, an American bringing up her children while living in France & is a fantastic read.

One interesting point Druckerman discusses is why it is children in France are happy to eat a wide range of veggies (& often exotic veggies) compared to anglophone kids (such as Americans, English and Aussie kids) who live primarily on a mono diet of white foods such as potato gems and sugary cereals. To emphasise this point further, i saw a 15 year old boy not long ago as a patient who didn’t even know what sweet potato was. Unsurprisingly, his diet consisted of processed and refined sugars in the form of several bowls of Nutri-grain, jam sandwiches and cups of Milo. His primary concern (or rather his mothers) was his acne.

As a practitioner who sees primarily mothers it is all to common for me to hear about their fussy eating kids, but interestingly the majority of these kids are only ‘fussy’ and ‘picky’ when it comes to fruit and veggies, not chocolate, ice cream, packets of chips or milo bars! Many children do not meet the 5 veggies and 2 fruits minimum as set out by the government (and note this is a MINIMUM). As a collegue of mine says “5 veggies should just be in the entree!”. Inadequate intake of fruit and veggies in is a big problem, i don’t need to go into the ‘whys’ as we all know how vital fruit and veggies are for our health and well-being, so how can we get our kids to eat more? Here’s my advice for preschool age kids (older kids have more engrained habits and will be harder, but not impossible to change):

1. First of all why not promote self sufficiency as well as increased veggie eating by getting the kids to grow their own produce. Not only is growing their own produce fun and utterly rewarding, researchers from Saint Louis University observed that preschool children who were served homegrown fruits and vegetables the majority of the time were more than double as likely to eat five servings a day than those who rarely or never ate homegrown produce.

Additionally, according to the kids parents, preschoolers who grew up consuming fresh produce from their own gardens also preferred the taste of fruits and vegetables to other foods. Apparently when children are involved in cooking and planting and looking after their own food they form a more positive relationship with it, not surprising really. If you live in a unit there are plenty of books available at the library that may give you ideas or search online for how to grow veggies and fruit in really small spaces.

2. As parents of young children we ultimately determine what is put in our children’s mouths. Whilst i agree that peer pressure and media may influence what kids do or don’t eat, it is parents who pay and cook for the food, and therefore have the most control. First of all, acknowledge that you are an example to your kids. Whilst they are very young (preschool), if you do something, they will most likely follow suit. I can attest to this. I puree fruit and veggies for my little one & notice she will eat much more if i have one spoon first and then give her one.

3. What if your child refuses certain vegetables? No one is saying you need force feed veggies down your child’s throat, however research shows that early repeated exposure to different types of foods is needed, sometimes about 15 times before you can really determine if your child dislikes a food. Persistence is the key (as well as lots of patience on your part)

4. Within reason, let the kids choose which fruit and veggies they are going to eat. Research has also shown that giving your child a choice as to which veggies they want to eat results in your child actually eating them. Have a range of fruits and veggies available and give your child the task of choosing which ones they will have. Getting your child to help with the menu planning and preparing of veggies (e.g. washing the veggies, peeling the potatoes) also increases the chances of your child eating and enjoying the meal more as they have helped to create it.

5. Make veggies look and taste attractive-This is obvious but often gets forgotten. Soggy broccoli and ‘boiled to the max’ carrots wouldn’t tantalize your taste buds or appeal visually, so why would your child want them? Vary your vegetables and fruit, try new recipes, eat in season and make veggies part of a meal rather than a boring side dish e.g. mushrooms sliced through pasta are more appeal then mushrooms sitting forlornly on the side of the plate. Another example is oven roasted pumpkin on top of home-made pizza rather than boiled pumpkin dumped on the side of the plate.

6. Last by no means least avoid excessive snacks close to dinner time. As Druckerman points out, if a child is allowed to eat muesli bars, packets of chips, popcorn and other snack foods around 4pm or later they will automatically not be hungry for dinner. Additionally, if your child refuses to eat their dinner, then they need to forfeit dessert or any after dinner treats as if they are not hungry enough to eat dinner then they certainly don’t need anything else. Above all one of the key points Druckerman emphasises is that we shouldn’t let ours kids manipulate us, as let’s face it they can be very persuasive when it comes to getting out of eating foods they don’t want. Ultimately, children, just like us, need to eat a wide range of fruit and and veggies to ensure their over all health and well-being.

Lisa Costa Bir – Naturopathic nutritionist, Ayurvedic lifestyle consultant, Lecturer & Food Coach web content coordinator

B App Sc. Naturopathy, Grad Dip. Naturopathy

Lisa maintains a practice in South Sydney and lectures at Endeavour College of Natural Therapies.

Connect with her on facebook under ‘Lisa Costa Bir Naturopath’ or check out her site at www.lisacostabirnaturopath.com.au

<–  ~~ For healthy and tasty meal ideas for children, check out ‘Supercharged Food for Kids’ by Lee Holmes ~~

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