In a recent podcast I interviewed medicinal mushroom expert Jeff Chilton. One of the points we spoke about that was enlightening for me is the diversity of ways that one popular medicinal mushroom can be grown and sold, Ophiocordyceps sinensis– sometimes referred to as Caterpillar fungus.

This fungus (which isn’t quite a mushroom) is so interesting, in many ways. The way it grows in it’s natural state is a bit scary but it’s also interesting because of how many benefits Cordyceps has.

There are lots of different species of the Cordyceps fungus, but they all have something in common. They are a parasitic fungus. Each type of Cordyceps as it’s own host, and that is the body of an insect, a different insect for every cordyceps. There’s one type of Cordyceps fungus that exists in the jungles of Brazil and targets ants. It takes over the body of the ant it’s inhabiting and effectively turns it into a zombie, controlling it’s host body to get to a place that is just right for the fungus to grow. This type of Cordyceps is called Ophiocordyceps unilateralis. 

Scientists who have been studying the fungus have found that it can control the ants by growing into the spaces around the ants muscles and controlling the muscles like a puppet. It leaves the brain intact to keep the ant alive, but severs the connection between the ants brain and it’s muscles, so it’s quite possible the ant is trapped in a body that is acting against it’s will. Freaky stuff.

You probably know already that I’m a nerd in more than one form – I love digging through scientific literature and reading text books, but I also love to read fantasy fiction and play video games. One of my all time favourite video games is the Playstation game ‘The Last of Us’. This game takes the zombie apocalypse concept and puts a different spin on it to the standard virus concept – and it’s all to do with our friend the Cordyceps fungus. The premise is much like how the fungus affects ants, but with humans as the victim, and so we have a group of zombies infected with the Cordyceps fungus running around biting people. Of course this is fiction, and like all good fiction there’s a nod to reality.

the Last of Us – Clicker by thomaswievegg on DeviantArt

If you don’t like video games I have heard this is coming out as a movie soon! I for one am excited to see it.

Thankfully, the type of Cordyceps mushroom humans use as medicine is quite different – no mind control here! Also, Cordyceps can’t infect humans so if you ever encountered the ‘zombie’ form, you wouldn’t have an issue then either.

Medicinal Cordyceps

This fascinating fungus has been used in traditional Chinese medicine, however the form that is originally sourced from is incredibly rare and expensive. Wild Ophiocordyceps sinensis takes residence in the caterpillar of the ghost moth. The fungus spreads throughout the caterpillar, consuming the nutrients of it’s host, and the caterpillar then expires. It is gradually covered by dirt and over time a fungal protusion will emerge from the caterpillar, a blade-like mushroom body growing from one end. The size of the mushroom is tiny, and when harvested the caterpillar is usually taken along with it. Its common Chinese name is “Winter worm, summer grass” because of the life cycle of the pair.

Image from Wikipedia

There isn’t anyway to cultivate this particular strain of mushroom so it has to be wild harvested, but this is damaging to the environment. So, scientists have found a way of growing the mycelium of this mushroom by growing it on liquid fermentation (no caterpillars involved) but it doesn’t grow a fruiting body. The mycelium has been shown to have a similiar chemical profile to the wild Cordyceps and is used in many cordyceps supplements – this product is known as Cordyceps CS-4.

There is also a different type of Cordyceps called Cordyceps militaris, and researches have found that the chemical profile is actually quite similiar to that of the fruiting body of the Cordyceps sinensis, in fact some of its constituents are actually higher than C. sinensis, making this a great alternative.

Image from Wikimedia

Benefits of Cordyceps

A lot of the claims for Cordyceps come from the traditional use of Cordyceps sinensis. It has been used for:

• Boosting energy
• Supporting athletic performance
• A tonic for those who have been recently ill
• A tonic for the post-partum period
• A sexual tonic, boosting libido
• To boost lung health, helpful for coughs and asthma

The cultivated mycelium known as CS-4 and the similiar Cordyceps militaris have been found to have properties which support these traditional uses. They have been shown to improve physical performance and fitness in athletes, to improve energy and to support immune health.

How to Take Cordyceps

Like most medicinal mushrooms you need to take it consistently for a few weeks to observe an effect.

You can mix the powder into your food or drink (such as coffee) or take the capsules.

The dosage varies on the form that you choose, so follow the instructions on the product or take as advised by your practitioner.

Always look for quality – look for CS4 or the Cordyceps militaris fruiting body

Resources

How the Zombie Fungus takes over ants bodies to control their minds

Cordyceps Supplement Guide – Real Mushrooms

The anti-fatigue effect of Cordyceps militaris in mice

The post Fascinating Fungus – How one type of Cordyceps can turn ants into zombies, and one can improve your health appeared first on Alison Mitchell Naturopath.

Increased exposure to sunlight may reduce the risk of both food allergies and eczema in children, according to a new study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

The research team studied available data on Australian children and analysed how rates of food allergy, eczema and asthma varied throughout the country. In addition to demonstrating a link between latitude and allergies to peanut and egg, the results showed that on average children in the south of the country were twice as likely to develop eczema as those in the north.

Exposure to sunlight is important as it allows for vitamin D synthesis. This report builds upon existing evidence that suggests a link between sun exposure and the incidence of allergic disease.

Gray N. Low vitamin D status linked to food allergy and eczema in children: Study. Nutraingredients-usa.com, 7 Feb 2012.
Osborne NJ, Ukoumunne OC, Wake M, et al. Prevalence of eczema and food allergy is associated with latitude in Australia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012 Feb 1.

Thoughts:

Despite having what we have been told as enough time in the sun to get our vitamin D, there are still many adults and children who are deficient.  The latitude affects our ability to absorb vitamin D, along with many other factors We know that Vitamin D is important for moderating our immune system so if you or your children have an allergic condition than don’t just assume you’re getting enough vitamin D, get it checked.

Tips on how to get vitamin D from the sun while still being safe:

• Vitamin D is best absorbed between 10am and 3pm.
• Get 7-10 minutes of sun exposure to arms and legs.
• Follow with SPF30+ sunscreen.
• Always protect the face.

Past Vitamin D posts:

Vitamin D PDF

Vitamin D Newsletter

Vitamin D and Asthma

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The post Expectant Mums Reduce Infant Allergy with Fish Oil appeared first on Alison Mitchell Naturopath.

For many people a drop in the temperature is enough of a trigger, and when the humidity drops the air becomes drier and is more likely to irritate a sensitive respiratory system. You may be bringing winter clothes out of storage in moth balls and dust is being stirred up. All of these and more could trigger your allergies or asthma.

Allergies

Sinus congestion, itchy eyes, sneezing, persistent cough, wheezing, headaches, and skin disorders such as eczema are all symptoms of allergies. These become more and more common, especially getting into the change of seasons. When your allergies occur often depends on what you’re allergic to: trees pollinate in spring, grasses in early summer and weeds in late summer. Mould spores in cooler climates persist outdoors only in summer, whereas in warmer climates it can persist all year. If your allergies last all year they are most likely caused by dust mites, mould or animal hair allergies.

The last four decades have seen an increase in the rates of hayfever in children, especially in urban areas. In prosperous societies, 20-40% of children suffer from hayfever. There is a greater risk of this in children who have have early exposure to solid foods or formula, have food allergies, exposure to tobacco smoke and heavy exposure to indoor allergens. In the US, allergies are among the most cited reasons for missed school days, accounting for more than 2 million school days lost anually.

For some people, the post-nasal drip and sinus pain can be debilitating, and interfere with their ability to think and concentrate. For others, they may just put up with it and pop a daily anti-histamine.

Anti-histamines can give you symptomatic relief, however it can be associated with drowsiness and lethargy. Unfortunately, they are also not getting to the underlying cause of allergies.

What you may not know is that allergies can be caused by underlying imbalances in your immune system. Our white blood cells which act like our ‘army’ need to act in a balanced way to be effective. If there is an imbalance in a certain type of immune cells auto-immunity can occur, of if the balance goes the other way it can lead to allergies.

To help balance your immune system, eat a healthy diet and drink plenty of water. It’s also important to manage stress levels, as chronic stress can upset the nervous system and aggravate allergies. Digestive health has a large role to play in allergies, and so it can help to do a detox before spring to ensure everything is working properly.

You may find benefit from avoiding certain foods which can aggravate allergies. For people who are allergic to ragweed, you should avoid eating the melon family (watermelon, honeydew, and cantaloupe), zucchinis and cucumbers. For people allergic to grass, you should avoid wheat products, tomatoes and carrots.

Eating plenty of garlic, onions, chilli, turmeric, radishes and fresh herbs and spices can help. Fenugreek tea is great for helping to clearing out mucous. Daily sinus washing with a neti pot is also something you can try.

Asthma

Asthma is a disease that causes inflammation of the airways of the lungs and it can be caused by a range of factors such as genetics, the environment, infections, allergies, emotions, and even the foods that we eat. The commonest symptoms of asthma are wheezing, coughing, a shortness of breath, and an increase in the amount of mucus that is produced. However, if you suffer from asthma, or have a family member that does, there is no need to suffer. There are plenty of natural health remedies that you can use.

Allergens that can Trigger Asthma

There are many different allergens that can trigger an asthmatic attack. These include pet dander, chemicals, drugs, dust mites, pollutants, feathers, food additives, mildew, mould, and cigarette smoke. Even the foods that you can eat can trigger an asthma attack, with milk, eggs, nuts, and seafood being some of the most common triggers.

If you suspect that an allergen is triggering your asthma attack, whether it is dietary or found in the environment, you can choose to eliminate the allergen from the diet or your environment and see if symptoms clear up. To be able to correctly identify the allergen, it is important that you remove all potential irritants and re-introduce them one by one. This is the basis of an ‘elimination diet’ and this should be performed over a period of at least 21 days. If you believe that you may have a food intolerence but don’t feel comfortable doing an elimination diet, there are blood tests that can be performed.

Nutrition for Asthma

A balanced diet is comprised of a range of food groups, and can help your body fight allergies and the effects of debilitating conditions such as asthma. Try including the following foods or food groups in your diet:

• Plenty of water
• Fresh fruits and vegetables
• Wholegrain foods such as brown rice,,millet, quinoa, amaranth and other ancient grains
• Lean meats such as skinless chicken
• Legumes and pulses
• Oily and/or white fish
• Items to avoid or limit in your diet include alcohol, salt, saturated fats and refined sugars.

The importance of exercise should also not be underestimated; especially when one starts to age and metabolism slows. This makes it more difficult to burn off unwanted fat.

Herbal Medicine for Asthma

There are some fantastic herbs that can be used for managing asthma. A formula for asthma will usually include herbs that relax the bronchiols, reduce catarrh and mucous build up and encourage it’s expulsion, reduce inflammation on the airways and support the immune system to either get rid of chronic infections, or reduce allergic reactions.
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Deaths related to asthma attacks are far too common.  One of the main causes of these asthma attacks is respiratory tract infections.  Vitamin D has several effects in the body, one of which is on our immune system.  Researchers sought to discover where vitamin D might protect against asthma attacks in children.

1024 children were studied, and 35% were found to have a vitamin D deficiency.  The remaining 65% had sufficient vitamin D levels.

Over 4 years, 38% of the children that were deficient in vitamin D were admitted to hospital for an asthma attack compaired to 32% of the children with adequate vitamin D levels.  The researchers crunched the numbers and found that after adjusting for disease severity, weight and family income a vitamin D insuffiency was linked to a 50% increase in the risk of a severe asthma attack.

The protective effects were moft noticeable for children using the corticosteroid budesonide (Pulmacort, Symbicort).  The researchers suggest that Vitamin D enhances the effects of anti-inflammatory steroid hormones.

Brehm JM, Schuemann B, Fuhlbrigge AL, Hollis BW, Strunk RC, Zeiger RS, et al.  Serum Vitamin D levels and severe asthma exacerbations in the Childhood Asthma Management Program Study.  J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010 July; 126(1):52-58.

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